Modern scientific communication is oriented towards maximum transparency and requires structure and adherence to specific procedures recognized by global communities. Disclaimers are essential structural components of scientific articles. Many journals emphasize the necessity of including them in the manuscript submission process to the editorial board. This article outlines the most common types of disclaimers.

Introduction. The theme of ontogenetic dynamics of defense mechanisms and coping strategies is one of the least explored areas in the psychology of defense-coping behavior. A detailed and thorough analysis of this area will contribute to a clearer understanding of the ways to overcome stress and the mechanisms of their formation in different age periods. Understanding the age-related features of defense-coping behavior will lead to the emergence of more effective methods of psychological counseling, psychotherapy, and psychocorrection of various age groups. Such individualization of therapy will increase the well-being of both the individual personality and various social groups and society as a whole.

Purpose. This research conducts a theoretical analysis of research dedicated to ontogenetic changes in coping behavior, analyzes protective psychological mechanisms, and strategies for overcoming stress inherent in different ages. The aim is to identify the patterns of age dynamics of defense-coping behavior and to define its characteristics inherent in different age groups.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted through a theoretical-methodological analysis of literature dedicated to defense-coping behavior within the framework of its age changes. Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization were applied. Monographs and publications of domestic and foreign authors describing cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of the ontogenetic dynamics of defense-coping behavior served as the material for the study.

Results. The characteristics of the defense-coping sphere of personality at different age periods were noted. The similarities and contradictions of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in this sphere were analyzed and summarized. An attempt was made to explain the ontogenetic features of defense-coping behavior from the perspective of age psychology. The results obtained can serve as a basis for developing and conducting experimental studies and applying their data in the field of education, health care, and other areas of social life.

Conclusion. The authors have identified general patterns that provide a basis for further experimental study of the stated problem.

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is due to the increasing role of personnel in the organization, which, in turn, entails an increase in the requirements for the selection of personnel, the need to improve the personnel selection mechanism. Each organization, when selecting personnel, seeks to determine whether a person applying for a vacant position (future subject of labor) really meets the objective requirements put forward by professional activity. A successful selection of personnel will help to avoid further layoffs, which will inevitably follow in the event of an unsuccessful selection. On the contrary, successful selection of personnel helps to reduce the financial and organizational costs of the enterprise (firm). These issues can be solved by the development and use of professiograms and psychograms, which contribute to an objective assessment of the professional level of a potential employee, to identify his personal characteristics, thereby predicting the future success or failure of the candidate in the performance of job duties.

Purpose of this study is to reveal and substantiate the specifics and important role of the professiogram and psychogram, which act as effective staff selection tools. The objectives of the study are defined as follows: disclosure of the essence and specifics of professiograms and psychograms; identification of the main types of professiograms and psychograms; determination of the structure of professiograms and psychograms; determination of their role in solving the problems of personnel selection.

Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the article was made up of studies conducted in the field of professiography - a technology aimed at studying the requirements that a profession makes for a complex of personal qualities, psychological abilities, psychological and physical capabilities of a candidate for a certain position.

Results. The article presents different points of view on the concepts of "professiogram" and "psychogram", which do not have an unambiguous approach. The author's interpretation of the concepts under consideration is proposed.

Conclusion. The results of the study (they are theoretical substantiation of the specifics of the professiogram and psychogram as a tool and means of personnel selection; the author's definition of the concepts "professiogram" and "psychogram"; their analysis and classification; identification of the optimal structure of the professiogram and psychogram in the context of their use for personnel selection) can be used in the process of further study of the problems under consideration, in the development by specialists of professiograms and psychograms in the organization, as well as applied by practical psychologists and sociologists.

Introduction. In the context of the export of educational services, it is of particular importance to design an efficient system of foreign students’ psychological adaptation. Owing to the ethnocultural background, foreign students feel that they are stigmatized minorities in the host society. Negative images and stereotypes are often internalized, resulting in stable low self-esteem in the stigmatized. Since self-esteem acts as a key parameter of the professional self-concept, social stigma and the experience of social identity threat activate the stigmatization of primary professionalization, thereby drastically reducing the efficiency of the received vocational education at the university. The purpose of the study is: to outline the phenomenon of primary professionalization, to reveal the nature of the relationship between the social stigma of foreign students and their self-esteem, and to describe the levels of primary professionalization.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 124 foreign students. Participants were asked to answer questions of the Short Form of the Stigmatization Scale and Rosenbergʼs Self-Esteem Scale in order to track the relationship between social stigma and self-esteem. Further, in order to identify the basic barriers to primary professionalization and the participants’ perception of their stigmatized status, the respondents answered the questions of a semi-structured interview supported with the critical incident technique in a focus group format.

Results. There is a correlation between the degree of obviousness of social stigma and self-esteem of foreign students. The categorization of the data obtained allowed the authors to substantiate the phenomenon of stigma of primary professionalization, to systematize the determining factors, and to describe its levels.

Discussion and Conclusion. Despite the fact that social stigma has attracted active attention of world science for decades, we have not been able to find focused studies into primary professionalization in the format of education export. Studying the factors that lead to the development of stigma of primary professionalization, understanding its levels will help to design a system for its prevention, optimize the system of adaptation of foreign students to the realities of the educational system of the host university.

Introduction. Incorporating employers into the educational process of a university, from a perspective of professional control and expertise, as well as partnership in the development and implementation of a competency-based model for graduates, is evident and doesn't require justification. However, challenges in organizing such interaction and the low motivation of employers to participate more systematically in enhancing the effectiveness and quality of higher education demand thorough study and optimization.

Purpose. This study aims to explore the readiness and determine potential forms of employer participation in the educational process.

Materials and Methods. The article presents data from a three-year survey conducted among employers in various fields of study at a regional university in the Belgorod region (N=480 in 2020, 425 in 2021, 359 in 2022). The sampling error relative to the possible employer community does not exceed 5% at a 95% confidence level. Fields of study serve as the quota characteristic.

Results. The research model evaluates indicators including satisfaction with theoretical and practical preparation of graduates, assessment of graduates' general professional qualities and competencies (formation of importance rankings for such competencies), willingness and formats of potential interactions with the university, and employers' satisfaction with such interactions.

Conclusion. The conducted study has identified problematic aspects related to employers' readiness to engage in modern forms of interaction with the university, fully immerse themselves in the educational process, and become full-fledged partners in trilateral collaboration. There's a risk of simulated forms of such collaboration on the part of universities, aiming to meet essential formal indicators and create an illusion of interaction while a growing gap exists between the implemented competency-based graduate model and market demands.

Background. The phenomenon of creation and promotion on the marketplaces of Online-Only brands is just making itself known in the global e-commerce, representing one of the most important components of the digital transformation of the global economy.

Purpose. To study the synergetic mechanism of the joint evolution of marketplaces and Online-Only brands in the context of the creation and development of a separate type of Online-Only brands - Marketplace-Based Online-Only brands.

Materials and Methods. In the course of this research work, various methods were involved: the logical method, the system method, the structural-functional method, the comparative (comparative) method. The choice of materials for this study was carried out on the basis of a content analysis of the following sources: scientific articles posted in a single bibliographic and abstract database of peer-reviewed scientific literature Scopus, thematic publications, analytical reports, electronic resources. Additionally, cases of entrepreneurs and companies operating on marketplaces using online-only brands were analyzed.

Results and Implications. Based on the analysis of data from sources, the need to introduce the term "Marketplace-Based Online-Only brands" as a separate type of Online-only brands was identified, the functioning of the synergistic mechanism for the joint evolution of marketplaces and Online-only brands was studied, and it was also proved that their development is possible only in the format of co-evolution.

Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to outline further directions of research on the topic and expand the understanding of the mechanisms of co-evolution of marketplaces and online-only brands by practicing managers.