Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на психическое здоровье населения: обзор предметного поля

Введение. Пандемия COVID-19 коренным образом изменила существующие реалии. Эти изменения напрямую связаны с опасностью заболевания и путями его распространения. Поскольку SARS-CoV-2 передается от человека к человеку воздушно-капельным путем, необходимо было ввести ограничительные меры, направленные на дистанцирование людей друг от друга, такие как обязательное ношение медицинских масок, соблюдение социальной дистанции.

Цель. Данный обзор предметного поля нацелен на анализ современной литературы о влиянии введения ограничительных мер по борьбе с распространением коронавирусной инфекции на психологию работающих, а также на выявление видов возникающих психологических расстройств.

Методы. Проведен поиск статей, опубликованных с 2020 по 2021 год и проиндексированных в базе данных Scopus. Всего было выявлено 1516 статей, 32 статьи были отобраны на основе заранее определенных критериев приемлемости и включены в обзор.

Результаты. Обзор показал, что наибольшее влияние на психическое здоровье испытали медицинские работники. Наиболее распространенными симптомами являются тревога, стресс и депрессия. Большинство статей, относящихся к теме данного обзора, были написаны в Китае и Италии. Согласно результатам, как во время прошлых пандемий, так и во время пандемии коронавируса COVID-19 врачи подвергались повышенному риску психологического воздействия, оказываемого во время пандемии.

Применение полученных результатов. Дальнейшие исследования в этой области должны охватывать более широкий спектр профессий, а также отследить исследуемую проблему на примере большего количества стран. Это помогло бы провести более обширный анализ воздействия пандемии COVID-19 на психическое здоровье работающего населения.

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