Первичная профессионализация студентов-иностранцев: барьеры, стигматизация, адаптация

Введение. В контексте экспорта образования особую значимость приобретает выстраивание эффективной системы психологической адаптации студентов-иностранцев. В силу этнокультурной маркированности студенты-иностранцы ощущают себя стигматизированными меньшинствами в принимающем обществе. Негативные образы и стереотипы, соотносимые с группами меньшинств, провоцируют стабильно низкую самооценку у стигматизируемых. Поскольку самооценка выступает в качестве ключевого параметра профессиональной я-концепции, социальная стигмата и опыт переживания угрозы социальной идентичности способны активировать стигматизацию первичной профессионализации, кардинально снизив эффективность получаемого профессионального образования в университете.

Цель исследования ‒ осветить феномен первичной профессионализации, выявить характер взаимосвязи между социальной стигмой студентов-иностранцев и их самооценкой и описать уровни первичной профессионализации.

Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 124 студента-иностранца, которым необходимо было ответить на вопросы краткой версии шкалы стигматизации и заполнить шкалу самооценки Розенберга, чтобы отследить наличие взаимозависимости между социальной стигмой и самооценкой. C целью выявления базовых барьеров первичной профессионализации и восприятия участниками своего стигматизированного статуса последним было предложено ответить на вопросы полуструктурированного интервью. Полученные результаты были валидированы техникой «критический инцидент». Оба этапа реализованы в формате работы в фокус-группах.

Результаты и их применение. Установлена взаимосвязь между степенью выраженности социальной стигмы и самооценкой студентов-иностранцев. Категоризация полученных данных позволила авторам обосновать феномен стигматизации первичной профессионализации, систематизировать ее обуславливающие факторы и описать ее уровни. Обсуждение и заключение. Несмотря на то, что социальная стигма уже не одно десятилетие привлекает активное внимание мировой науки, нам не удалось обнаружить целенаправленные исследования, посвященные первичной профессионализации в формате экспорта образования. Изучение факторов, влекущих формирование стигмы первичной профессионализации, понимание ее уровней позволят выстроить систему ее профилактики, оптимизировать систему адаптации студентов-иностранцев к реалиям образовательной системы принимающего вуза. Материалы статьи будут полезны администрации вузов для организации эффективной системы адаптации студентов-мигрантов, преподавателям, ведущим занятия в группах, где обучаются иностранные студенты. Ключевые слова: социальная стигма, студенты-иностранцы, угроза социальной идентичности, дискриминация, профессиональная идентичность, первичная профессионализация, стигматизация первичной профессионализации Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

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